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AdvanceTrac™ Interactive Vehicle Dynamics is an interactive yaw control system that helps improve the stability of the vehicle in extreme driving situations. It does this by comparing the driver’s intent with the reality of the driving experience.

The drag or resistance produced by a moving object, such as a motor vehicle, as it displaces the air in its path. Usually measured in pounds, aerodynamic drag increases in proportion to an object’s frontal area or drag coefficient and the square of its speed.

A system for cooling turbocharged intake air to obtain improved combustion efficiency and fuel economy. The cooling process increases the oxygen content of the intake charge, promoting more thorough combustion with reduced emissions.

A conical air cleaner is a cone-shaped air filter that is placed inside an air cleaner housing. The benefit of a cone-shaped air filter is that it reduces the restriction of airflow to the manifold.

Auxiliary
Located toward the rear compartment of full-size and compact vans and wagons, this air conditioner adds additional cooling capacity needed in vehicles with large interiors.

Chlorofluorocarbon-free (CFC-free)
Uses the refrigerant Hydrofluorocarbon-134a (HFC- 134a), also called refrigerant-134a (R-134a). This refrigerant does not further deplete the earth¡¦s ozone layer because it doesn¡¦t contain chlorine.

Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
A complete interior environment control system integrated into the instrument panel that includes the following features:

• The driver determines the most comfortable temperature setting (between 65 and 85 degrees)
• A delay feature prevents an undesired hot or cold blast immediately after starting the vehicle
• Full manual override capability for blower speed and/or automatic functions
• Blower control fan switch features AUTO and variable HI to LO fan settings

Manual
A year-round climate control system that heats, cools and dehumidifies the vehicle¡¦s interior. It is fully integrated and includes individually adjustable louvered air vents and variable-speed fan control. It also features illuminated controls for nighttime operation

A soft, lower body extension attached below the front bumper that improves vehicle performance by limiting the amount of airflow that is directed under the vehicle. This improves aerodynamics and redirects the airflow to the engine compartment for improved engine cooling or air conditioning performance. Air dams can assist in reducing aerodynamic lift, turbulence and drag.

A system that injects air into the exhaust ports of the engine for combustion of unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases, thus producing "cleaner" exhaust emissions.

Air/Fuel Mixture is the measure or ratio of the amounts of air and fuel being fed to the engine’s cylinders. The Electronic Engine Control (EEC) computer adjusts the air/fuel mixture to provide the best combination of performance and fuel efficiency. A higher percentage of fuel to air is described as a rich mixture, while a lower percentage of fuel to air is termed a lean mixture. On Ford vehicles, an electronic sensor that provides input to the fourth- and fifth-generation Electronic Engine Control systems (EEC-IV and EEC-V) measures the air/fuel mixture.

For safe handling, comfortable ride and maximum tire-tread life, all suspension components must be in precise geometric adjustment (alignment) as specified by the manufacturer. Any variation can affect the stability and tracking of the vehicle.

Toe-in refers to the intentional setting of wheels to point slightly toward the center of the car when stopped. On front-wheel-drive cars, the front wheels may be set at a negative value, sometimes referred to as toe-out

Caster describes the angle by which the car’s steering axis diverges from vertical. Caster helps the wheels return to a straight-ahead position, and it reduces wheel shimmy

Camber is the relative tilt of the wheels, usually slightly inward at the top edge, as viewed from the front of the vehicle. Camber is set to optimize handling and tire wear Front and rear wheels must also be aligned with respect to each other

Often confused with Four-Wheel Drive (4WD), this drive system features four, full-time active drive wheels to reduce wheel slippage and provide greater driver control over the vehicle. All-Wheel Drive automatically splits engine torque between the front and rear wheels as needed, improving on-road traction in unfavorable road conditions. Unlike Four-Wheel Drive, All-Wheel Drive is an on-road system and is not designed for off-road use. AWD does not require the driver to actively engage the system. It is operational at all times, and requires no switches, lights or visor instructions for system operation.

A generic term used to describe any non-steel road wheel. The most common alloy wheels are cast aluminum. Technically, an alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. These wheels are known for their light weight and strength.

Refers to any type of vehicle that uses non-traditional fuel or power sources, such as:
Methanol/Ethanol
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Propane
Electric cell batteries
Hybrid variations that use any two of the above

An alternator is an engine-driven device that converts mechanical energy into alternating electrical current. The alternator provides power to run all of the vehicle’s electrical components when the engine is running. A heavy-duty alternator that provides additional charging capacity also is available on certain models for applications such as cold-climate operation (temperatures below -20 degrees F) where battery drain and accessory use are typically very high, and vehicles are equipped for towing purposes.

Refer to the description under Braking Systems.

Ford offers two anti-theft systems:
Perimeter Anti-theft System, which not only guards the vehicle’s doors, but also the hood and trunk/liftgate. When an unauthorized entry occurs, the system triggers and will: flash the headlamps, parking lamps and theft-indicator lamp on the instrument panel sound the horn.
Note: It will not be triggered by breaking glass or entry into the vehicle through a window. The Perimeter Anti-theft System is designed to work with the factory- installed Remote Keyless Entry System.

SecuriLock™ passive anti-theft system (formerly known as PATS) uses a sophisticated electronically coded ignition key to start the vehicle. If the key does not have the correct code, the vehicle will not start (a disabling function). There is no battery on the key itself; the small amount of energy required to identify the key is supplied by the vehicle SecuriLock, which is designed so that it is unnecessary for the driver to manually arm the system. It is automatically armed when the key is removed from the ignition and is disarmed when the key is reinserted into the ignition
Spare keys will be available from dealerships. Customers can program their keys by inserting the new key into the ignition within 15 seconds of removing the original key. There are 72 quadrillion possible codes.

An acronym for Automatic Overdrive-Electronics, it is an electronically controlled automatic overdrive transmission.

A silvery, aluminum pigmented paint with a color similar to brushed chrome or aluminum. Typically used on wheels or body trim parts.

Ford Motor Company offers a wide selection of factory-installed vehicle audio systems. A complete description of these systems can be found in each vehicle section.

A system that automatically turns the vehicle headlamps on at night or in other low-light driving conditions and turns them off in bright sunlight. The system:

• Operates with the manual light switch off and the ignition system in the ON position
• Allows the driver to select a variable length of delay up to four minutes from the time the ignition is turned off until the headlamps turn off automatically (time delay will vary from model to model)
• Includes an electrochromic rearview mirror on some vehicles
• Headlamps are controlled by a photocell in the top right-hand side of the instrument panel speaker grille. Do not place items in this area that would block light to the photocell, or the headlamps may operate in the daytime. Headlamps also may be activated manually.

A type of transmission that shifts itself. A fluid coupling or torque converter is used instead of a manually operated clutch to connect the transmission to the engine. Newer automatics use electronic controls to regulate shifting and torque converter lockup.

Auxiliary springs are used on many light trucks for load stability or to support heavy loads with minimal effect on ride characteristics. The auxiliary springs:

• Are used to help control roll and sway of trucks with high bodies that carry loads that might shift when cornering or operating on high-crowned roads
• Are usually used on rear leaf springs, and are mounted to act only after the regular springs are partially deflected under heavy loads

This abbreviation refers to a specific Ford electronically controlled four-speed automatic overdrive transaxle.

This number is defined as the number of output shaft (on front-wheel-drive vehicles) or driveshaft (on rear-wheel- drive vehicles) revolutions required to rotate the axle one full turn. Example: For a rear-wheel-drive vehicle with an axle ratio of 3.55:1, the driveshaft would have to rotate 3.55 times to rotate the rear axle once Generally speaking, lower numeric axle ratios tend to be more fuel-efficient while higher axle ratios deliver added torque for increased power for acceleration and trailer towing.

The number of output shaft (on front-wheel-drive vehicles) or driveshaft (on rear-wheel- drive vehicles) revolutions required to rotate the axle one full turn.

• For a rear-wheel-drive vehicle with an axle ratio of 3.55:1, the driveshaft would have to rotate 3.55 times to rotate the rear axle once
• Lower numeric axle ratios tend to be more fuel-efficient. Higher axle ratios deliver added torque for increased power for acceleration and trailer towing
• Front-wheel-drive vehicles employ an Axle Transfer Ratio, essentially a Final Drive Ratio for a transaxle

An axle is the round device that connects the wheels of a vehicle to the vehicle itself. There are several types of rear axles used on Ford vehicles, including:
Full-floating Rear Axle Generally used in heavier-duty applications, such as all trucks over 8500 lbs. GVW. The full-floating axle shafts float within the outer axle housing where they drive the wheels. The outer housing supports the entire rear weight through double-opposed wheel bearings, which absorb all load and wheel stress
Semi-floating Rear Axle The axle shafts and wheel bearings not only support the total weight, but also transmit driving torque to the wheels. This axle system also resists stress due to skidding, turning corners and other traction forces
Traction-Lok or Limited Slip Rear Axle This axle has a locking differential that transmits driving force to the rear wheel for better traction. As one tire begins to slip, available torque is automatically transferred to the tire that has the best grip to provide improved traction.
Monobeam These axles are a non- independent design and are used in heavy-duty applications. This simple design can support greater weight with diminished ride and handling.